International law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Global law - Essay Example Notwithstanding presence of the political, worldwide and regional contrasts the entire world is considered as a worldwide town and such idea for the most part improves the possibility of all inclusive fraternity. Simultaneously with regards to exchange, social intercourse, the possibility of globalization has a significant influence. In this setting it needs referencing that regardless of how much the globalization perspective appears to be sure and impeccable and yet it incorporates a few lacunas. In this worldwide society likewise the better countries are finding an open door than demonstrate their hostility, to perpetrate severe methodologies towards different countries, their kin and their economy. The pace of wrongdoing has additionally expanded, as it were, and the majority of the crook, subsequent to carrying out the criminal deeds escape to different countries to look for cover. As authoritative arrangement of a specific country doesn't have the ability to practice the hold o ver different locales, the dread of being gotten is decreased, as it were, for those hoodlums. Simultaneously monetary hostility is likewise taking a ruthless shape. As per present day global arrangements in the post World War II circumstance it has not been workable for the countries to misrepresent the intensity of governmental issues to communicate their imperialistic mindset. In this manner, those countries have received the methodology of financial animosity through which a better country can appreciate monetary hold over the other country through exchange relationship. Along these lines, the significance has likewise been acknowledged by lawful researchers that there must be a restrictions that forestall one country to become destruction over the other. These are a portion of the common circumstance; rather issues at the universal level that created the development of this new order of legitimate ward: International Law. Legitimate and researchers of law have endeavored to give meaning of the International Law in various

Narrative of Fredrick Douglas essays

Story of Fredrick Douglas articles This book was truly intriguing to me The Narrative Of Fredrick Douglas. It was about his life and how he needed to escape from bondage. He was sold and exchanged to a wide range of manors. He actually never realized his own age. At the point when he was conceived he was seperated from his mother and his entire family. His dad was white however he never observed him, individuals disclosed to him that his father was a slave proprietor. While he was experiencing childhood with the ranch he saw individuals getting whipped for a considerable length of time. At the point when he was offered to Balitimore a woman there showed him how to peruse and compose. At that point when he got more established he beginning showing other dark individuals how to peruse and compose. He was the main slave that would retaliate to there slave proprietor. Once he was severly beat up on the grounds that the slave proprietor heard that he needed to get away. At the point when he ran away toward the north, he begin conversing with individuals of how it is was being a slave. At that point he turned into a teacher about bondage. He was the one in particular that needed to figure out how to peruse, and he was the one in particular that retaliated at his slaveowners. I respect him for what he did. He was additionally the main slave that truly needed to escape from his manor and head out toward the north. After he got away from bondage and took off north, he told individuals how it was there on the estate, and dark individuals were being whipped what's more, beaten for quite a long time. All the individuals respected Fredrick Douglas for what he did. He truly let individuals know how it was being a slave. ... <! Story of Fredrick Douglas papers The fierceness that slaves suffered structure their lords and from the organization of servitude made slaves be denied their inherent rights. In the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass can show the mental fight between the white slave holders and their dark slaves, which is appeared by Douglass own scholarly battles against his white slave holders. I will concentrate on how training permitted Douglass to see how subjection wasn't right, and how the Americans saw the blacks as not equivalent, and just appropriate for slave work. I will likewise differentiate how Douglass see was fundamentally the same as that of the ladies in America, and the job that Christianity played in his life as a slave and afterward as a liberated person. The epic plainly shows the childrens carnal conduct when they were definitely not consistently allowanced. Douglass says, Our food was coarse corn dinner bubbled, which was called mush. It was placed into a huge wooden plate or trough, and set downward on the ground. The youngsters were then called, as such huge numbers of pigs, and like such a large number of pigs they would come what's more, eat up the mush; some with clam shells, others with bits of shingle, some with exposed hands, and none with spoons. He that ate quickest got most; he that was most grounded made sure about the best spot; and scarcely any left the trough fulfilled (Douglass 41-42). This unmistakably portrays how kids where treated like creatures and their failure to act in the way of a typical taught kid. Slave kids were denied numerous extravagances that other kids underestimated. The information on their birthday events was one of these extravagances. Douglass states, I have no exact information on my age, never having seen any genuine record containing it. By a wide margin the bigger piece of the slaves know as meager of their ages as ponies know about theirs, and it is the desire of most experts inside my insight to keep their slaves along these lines... <!

Psychological Research on Depression Experiment Case Study - Free Essay Example

This course paper will delve into a case study involving a woman who was selected from an experiment involving depression after showing a higher positive outcome from said experiment. The Individual used in this case study was a White British woman in her 50s named Theresa. She signed up for a computerized positive mental imagery training program that was being tested to see if it had any positive impact on an individuals depression. This individual has been described as having major depression for at least two years one specialist claimed, but she acknowledged that she has had recurrent depression for years dating back to her early 20s. Per the case study, the diagnostic interview revealed she suffered from various comorbidities such as; travel phobias, social phobias, general anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. All of which has been considered to contribute to her major depression diagnosis. She often feared as coming across as stupid in conversations with her peers, as well worrying often about her life such as her health, her job/debt and her daughters lives as well. She has also acknowledged that she drinks more than she should and has recently been taking less hours at work (in part to help take care of her mother with Alzheimers disease). She has tried medicines in the past but often rejected it saying medicine would not solve the problem. The diagnostic interview revealed key events told by Theresa that we can certainly say had some impact on her well-being now. We will use her symptoms as well as her past to interpret and analyze how other schools of thought would explain the etiology or the origins of her mental illness. The schools of thought that will be covered are psychodynamic, which is one of the earliest approaches to understanding the mind, and made famous by Sigmund Freud who fabricated theories which formed the psychodynamic path to psychology. Studying the role the unconscious plays on the mind, behavior and personality. Behavioral, initially studied by Ian Pavlov and soon after by John Watson; refers the study of behaviors that are learned through everyday life, and interactions with the world. And finally, biological, which can be dated back to Charles Darwin who believed in natural selection and based his theories on it. The biological school of thought specifically studies our genetics and evolution t o see what role they may play on our behavior, thoughts and feelings. We will first cover the psychodynamic school of thought. This school of thought is based primarily on the unconscious mind and how it affects personality. Some basics to cover are that the psychodynamic school of thought is based on the assumption that our past experiences have a strong influence on our behavior, feelings and even decisions, while hiding deep in the unconscious. Many who followed this theory believed early on that our personality can be affected and manipulated based on an individuals history, and that is something that can be said about Theresa. From a young age, she has had anxiety in social settings and was even physically assaulted at work leading to her post traumatic stress disorder. These disorders still affect her and from a psychodynamic view they would say that those past experiences lead her to a more isolated lifestyle. Shes afraid to be in conversations fearing a negative opinion of her from her peers. She also admitted that she had previous administrati ve jobs but recently started taking less hours at work. She admitted of an early social phobia that originated in her teens. Having less interaction with peers her age could possibly be the reason she choose to stay out of conversations and taking less hours at work later on in her life. Those negative feelings and thoughts possibly stayed in her unconscious and influenced how she behaves socially as an adult. As for the drinking, although she didnt admit to having a family history of alcohol dependence, she admitted she does drink more than she should, and it could be possible that she grew up around familys members who may have drank excessively; storing that information in the unconscious and later brining that trait out when she grew up whether she realized it or not. The behavioral school of thought has a slightly different interpretation as to why she may act and have the type of personality that she does. John Watson believed that we have to stop studying the mind in a way that we dont fully understand, he believed that our actions, feelings and behaviors can be directly linked our environment and the triggers that have an impact on individuals. Per the textbook, This approach emphasizes environmental effects on observable behavior. From a behavioral view, Theresas current lifestyle and behaviors have been determined by her reaction to her environment. Past positive experiences could led to possible positive future scenarios, but since shes had anxiety and various other disorders, its fair to say her past has been more negative than positive. For example, she mentioned that she was previously assaulted at work, leading to her post traumatic stress disorder and later admitted that she has been taking less hours at work. This decision of hers may have been influenced from that experience, fearing another assault she choose less hours at work. The same can be said about her social interactions with workers, since she had social anxiety early on, those past experiences could have led her to fear conversations with others, as well as living alone with her mother. As for her travel phobia, which includes public transportation as well as driving her own car, she may have been previously in an accident or may have seen one that could have led to her behavior and fear of traveling. Finally, Theresa admitted that she worries about her daughters lives substantially, and that they dont live close which doesnt help. Her daughters living far away could increase her concern for them, possibly making her think that theres not much she can do to help. The last school of thought that we will analyze is biological. Per Psychological Science (sixth edition), Almost all biological and psychological activity is affected by the actions of multiple genes In addition, scientists are beginning to understand the relationship between situations, genes, and behaviors. The biological school of thought relies heavily on evolution and how our genes and traits play a role on our behavior and feelings. For example, today our society has an abundance of food, some healthy and some not. A lot of individuals eat junk food, and per the textbook, it may be hard to stop eating such food. That may be in part explained by the fact that thousands of years ago we didnt have access to such vast amounts of sugars and types of junk foods. It was more of a survival aspect to earlier humans since it was harder to come by; and those traits seemed to be passed down influencing our cravings for that type of food today. As for Theresas phobia of traveling, that cou ld be explained by our need to survive, she may fear getting into an accident and our survival instinct may be affecting her behavior and feelings towards moving at such a fast speed. Moving on to her constant concern of her daughters lives and her own health, this may be influenced by our desire to reproduce and safe guard our offspring, hoping to spread our genes to more generations, survival of the fittest as Charles Darwin would say.

Advertisements And Their Companies Have Caused Major Issues

Ads and their companies have caused major issues. Parents believe that the ads that are shown are influencing their children. Especially as they go on the internet or watch TV. However, the advertising companies believe that they are not the only ones to blame for the issues that have arisen; they believe that the parents of the children are also to blame. In order to try and fix these issues, many companies began to make changes to their products. Parents continue to blame these fast food companies while the fast food companies do not believe they should be to blame. Fast food companies believe that parents are as much to blame as their companies are. Gary Becker points out, â€Å"If children nowadays are heavier because they are less†¦show more content†¦Although many businesses believe that they do not target children, many of them do. Kids may be watching TV or on social media and they can become influenced by the ads or commercials. Everywhere you look you see advertis ements and even though you may not notice it, but it still influences your brain. â€Å"One study has shown that children find it harder to recognize advertisements on websites than they do on television; 6 year olds only recognized a quarter of the ads, 8 year olds recognize half of the ads, and 10and 12 year olds recognize three quarters of the ads† (The American Psychological Association). Many advertising companies believe that they shouldn’t be blamed for any influence on children. They argue that for the past fifty years they continue to advertise the same way and it is changing how people view the advertisements. Junk foods advertisement has a major impact on how the kids chose the kinds of food they want to eat. Marion Nestle explained, â€Å"The reasons are easy to understand: children control increasing amounts of money, and society has granted them increasing responsibility for purchasing decisions.† As kid get older they tend to make more decisions o n what they eat. Most of the time parents allow kid help grocery shop of dinners and they influence parents to buy food that they tend to see advertised. Companies like General Mills, McDonald’s, and Kraft areShow MoreRelatedFast-Food Advertising Causes Obesity Essay1395 Words   |  6 Pages There has been a long term concern that youth or children who eat from fast food restaurants have a big risk for becoming overweight. Some research shows that greater familiarity with fast food advertising on television is associated with obesity in young people (Pediatric Academic Societies parag.1). It is known that these children and adolescents are being extremely exposed to fast food advertising including the internet, social media, and particularly on television. The marketer and ownersRead MoreWhy Companies On Social Media Is Overstepping Their Boundaries And What Should Be Done Essay1646 Words   |  7 PagesSilverman, author of Terms of Service, believes that anything you post online is being abused by companies and even the social media sites themselves, and I agree with him on that. In the following essay, I will explain to yo u why companies on social media are overstepping their boundaries and what should be done to stop it. Since the inception of social media with SixDegrees in 1997 (Hendricks), people have been able to post and share their daily lives for the whole world to see. This wasn’t a realRead MorePvr Case Study Essay986 Words   |  4 Pageshas on advertising companies, we need to consider the needs of society and how will it benefit from this video recorder. Comfort is an important issue in today’s society. The easy programming and the large video recording space, which reaches up to 60 hours, makes this devise very desirable. Moreover, the flexibility to play the recorded program repeatedly at the viewers’ most convenient time removes the need to schedule your day based on the programs. Advertising Companies depend on programsRead MoreMcdonalds Ethical Issues1125 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis From what we have read and interpreted from the case, the main issue is the ethical criticism of the fast food giant, McDonald, in Europe. By referring to the case, the organizational ethical issues which are filled around McDonald consist of food health, ill-treatment of animals, exploitation of children, and destruction of rainforests. Besides, anti-globalization, anti-American, anti-McDonald’s activism, and Europe governments had also been the concerns and ethical challenges for theRead MoreThe Issue Of Cigarette Advertising1719 Words   |  7 Pages(FTC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other federal and state regulators have targeted tobacco manufacturers for decades. Many claims have accused companies of directly marketing to minors, neglecting to inform consumers of possible risks while or after consuming tobacco products, and promoting unhealthy lifestyles ultimately resulting in illness and other serious health related issues. Tobacco companies are consequently limited as to what they may and may not produce in terms of advertisingRead MoreMcdonalds Ethical Issues1140 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis From what we have read and interpreted from the case, the main issue is the ethical criticism of the fast food giant, McDonald, in Europe. By referring to the case, the organizational ethical issues which are filled around McDonald consist of food health, ill-treatment of animals, exploitation of children, and destruction of rainforests. Besides, anti-globalization, anti-American, anti-McDonald’s activism, and Europe governments had also been the concerns and ethical challenges for theRead More2.09 writing and effective concusion1669 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Graphic Organizer: Part 1 Topic: Technology Questions to research: Are advertisements aimed at teenagers effective? And, are they ethical? My Response: Most advertisements aimed at teenagers are effective, but usually are not ethical. Most marketers have many ways of gathering information on teenagers spending habits and what is most important to teens. With this information they’re able to create advertisements that will appeal to most teens and create profit. Many people argue that someRead MoreThe Advertisement Industry Plays An Important Role On Consumers Perceptions About The World1615 Words   |  7 PagesThe advertisement industry plays an important role on consumers’ perceptions about the world. Because of this, advertisements often portray dishonest or semi truthful concepts in their advertising. It is understandable why advertisers would conceal the truth; the truth must be revealed carefully as it can often reduce the number of consumers who purchase their goods, whether or not the company has control over the controversial issue. However, hiding these issues can prevent consumers from understandingRead Mo reSurrogate Advertising1445 Words   |  6 PagesInformation. It is being done through different media – banners, radio, television amp; lately the internet. Advertisement in general has also drawn Public ire amp; government intervention time and again – either for moving away from truth and the consumers right to know or for creating false images. This is especially true in the case of surrogate advertisements. The issue of surrogate advertisement gained publicity after the government imposed a ban on it. The purpose of this project is to highlightRead MoreTobacco Companies Using Advertising Tactics That Target Teenagers1487 Words   |  6 PagesTobacco companies should be prevented from using advertising tactics that target teenagers. There has always been controversy as to how tobacco companies should prevent using advertising tactics to target teenagers. As controversial as this is tobacco companies shouldn’t advertise teen smoking. Many teens may be lur ed to believe cigarette advertising because it has been part of the American Culture for years, magazine ads and the media target young people, and these companies receive a drastic increase

Recruitment and Selection Process of Insurance - 9958 Words

Recruitment and Selection Process of Insurance Companies People are a company’s most important assets. They can make or break the fortunes of a business. In today’s highly competitive business environment placing the right people in the right position is very critical for the success of any organization. The recruitment and selection decision is of prime importance as it is the vehicle for obtaining the best possible person-to-job fit that will, contribute significantly towards the Companys effectiveness. It is also becoming increasingly important, as the Company evolves and changes, that new recruits show a willingness to learn, adaptability and ability to work as part of a team. The Recruitment Selection procedure ensures that†¦show more content†¦By active participation in the recruitment process, the areas where improvement can be bought about can be identified. Thus the whole research would be done under the guidance of external guide. It will also involve recruitment and selection processes, reading the material provide internally by the organization, information from the new employees. Introduction Of The Insurance Industry Overview The story of insurance is probably as old as the story of mankind. The same instinct that prompts modern businessmen today to secure themselves against loss and disaster existed in primitive men also. They too sought to avert the evil consequences of fire and flood and loss of life and were willing to make some sort of sacrifice in order toShow MoreRelatedA Creation Of A Human Resources Plan1384 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction This paper is going to be about a creation of a Human Resources plan and the steps needed to create a one-person HR department. 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Similarly in our text book, it is mentioned, most organizations are looking for employees who are â€Å"qualifiedRead MoreThe Importance Of Various Human Resource Functions1479 Words   |  6 Pagessuccess and growth of the insurance industry. Recruitment and Employee Selection In modern day business, organizations are struggling to attract and retain top talent, especially since the baby boomers are retiring. Over the last ten years human resources has become more than just administrative task and payroll accounting. The human resource managers wear many hats. They have taken over the responsibility various functions such as recruitment and selection, utilization of its humanRead MoreProject Report On Techniques Used In Recruitment And Selection1639 Words   |  7 PagesUSED IN RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION PROCESS IN ORGANISATION (WIPRO) SUBMITTED BY: MEGHA KANJ INTRODUCTION The project report is about recruitment and selection process which is very important part of any organization. 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May 2013 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, the researchers give thanks to God Almighty for the wisdom and strengthRead MoreDescription Of An Organization Human Resource Management System1591 Words   |  7 Pagescompetence. 6) It will help to customer’s satisfaction and help in increase service customer related. b. ‘Benchmarking best HR process and outcome’: It means to gather data of related to organization human resource management system from the world or more competitive organisation in world. It evaluating human resource performance of orgensation. Though ‘Benchmarking best HR process and hotel can accomplish goal and vision: 1) This tool HRM to strongminded competitiveness of organisation and help toRead MoreHuman Resource Recruitment And Selection Strategies1502 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Resource Recruitment and Selection Strategies Abstract This paper focuses on Human Resource Department (HRD) Recruitment and Selection Strategies and the process to inquire good candidates. There are many strategies that go into the Recruitment and Selection process that involves the selective process of recruiting the right employee for the job. The process in place to assist HRD achieve its optimal success for profit will focus on the goals of the organization, workforce strategies,Read MoreA Team Of Qualified Insurance Agents And Drive Business Through Them1155 Words   |  5 PagesRole description To develop a team of qualified insurance agents and drive business through them. Executive Summary Remju Jayan is a fully qualified Insurance Sales Professional with more than 10 years of experience in handling agency sales. He is in the middle east since 2011 and has become successful in his insurance career in the GCC market. 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Persepolis free essay sample

Plot The Trip After a year, the fundamentalist student occupied the U. S embassy. And few days later, the minister of education has decreed that universities will be close for two years because the new regime. They also force women to wear the veil because they said womens hair makes men exciting. It wasnt only the government that changed, ordinary people changed too. Things getting worse, Marjis family had decided to go to Italy and Spain for three weeks. After they back, their country is at war. The Iranian fundamentalists tried to stir up their Iraqi Shiite Allies against Saddam and Arab use this as pretext to invasion Iran. Vocabulary Republic (Noun): A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them. Proletariat (Noun): A social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages. We will write a custom essay sample on Persepolis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nationalism (Noun): Love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it. Ideological (Adj): Concerned with or suggestive of ideas. Embassy (Noun): A diplomatic building where ambassadors live or work. Background Information The Iran–Iraq War, this war also known as the Imposed War and Holy Defense in Iran. This war came at a great cost in living and economic damage, it cost half a million Iraqi and Iranian soldiers and civilians die in the war and with many of people injured. The objectives of Iraqs invasion of Iran were: -Control of the Shatt al-Arab waterway by Iraqis -Acquisition of the three islands of Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs, on behalf of the UAE. -Annexation of Khuzestan to Iraq Prevent the spread of the Islamic Revolution in the region Literary Element The title of The Sheep works on metaphorical level. In a literal sense on the novel, sheep is the transportation that Siamak and his family use to cross the Iranian border, but it is also represent the general population of Iran, as well as Marjis family who leave for the United States. Like sheep that simply follow each other with no notion of decision and sheep is also a very peacefully animal, that have no ambition, in other word they too soft and I think it is major issue of Iran. Graphic Element When Anoosh get executed, God come to talk with Marji, but Marji said to the God that she doesn’t want to see the God any more she wants the God get out of her life. Before Anoosh get executed, Marji was one that used to believe in and love God, she thought the God should be the represent love, justice and holy wrath for evil, but Anoosh’s death makes her realize that she is wrong. Anoosh’s death breaks Marji’s childish conception of God. She thinks that God is no longer the symbol for justice. She fined herself so lost like the people at Iran because right now she can not find any one that can listen to her true heart. One Theme These two chapters is the turning point of the novel. The beginning of the war is one of the novel’s themes. During the war people are living difficult, not enough food and most of population had move out with no notion of decision because they just want to be safe. If a country that with out population that won’t longer be a country for the people who stays at Iran because they still believe that one day this country will be better. Three Questions Q1. Why Anoosh say that one day the proletariat will rule? What does it means? (pg 69) Q2. Do you think to becoming a sheep is good or not? Q3. Persepolis free essay sample Persepolis was a very insightful movie about the lives of Iranian people at a very important time in the country’s history. Two topics that stuck out to me the most were the effects of the war on the everyday lives of the citizens of Iran and secondly the not-so-patriarchal lifestyle of people at the household level. Once the revolution to bring down the Shah began, which was followed by the Iran-Iraq war, the lives of Iranians were never the same again. Before these events, Iran appeared to be what we can easily call ‘a modern society’. Women were treated equally, men and women openly socialized together without any restrictions and westernization was apparent with the dressing styles of women, parties and the children indulging in pop culture. All of this drastically changed after the elections and once the war began. Under the new repressive government, religious extremists in power imposed several laws that undermined the freedom of all citizens of Iran. We will write a custom essay sample on Persepolis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Everybody was told how to dress whereby women were required to veil in public, parties and consumption of alcohol became illegal, children were taught in school that the new government was very good, young boys were influenced into joining the army and fighting in the war. In addition to all these social impacts there were economic downturns as well. The stores are shown to have empty shelves, the country’s infrastructure destroyed, healthcare deteriorated, the excessive restrictions on almost everything pushed for the need for black-markets and illegal operations. Even with all the restrictions from the people in power and the policing of everybody, there were still a large number of people who were very modern, even men. One example would be Marjane’s father telling her and Reza to be more careful about meeting in public. Another example would be when Marjane’s uncle Anoush is released from prison and visits them, everybody ate dinner at the same table, both men and women. One of the topics that relate to our class readings is war and bereavement. The war that lasted so long did not occur without expensing lives of millions of innocent people. During the war period, countless lives were lost and most of these were men. Men fought in wars and died and the women were left to deal with the loss. When a missile lands in Marjane’s neighborhood, the fear of losing her family takes over her and she is still a little girl at the time. The same incident cost the lives of her friends in the neighborhood. Of all the characters in the movie, to me, Marjane’s grandmother was the most compelling character. She was a wise old woman who was inspirational, understanding and very realistic. She was a symbol of independence and a great role model for Marjane. Most importantly, she practiced what she preached. She placed a great emphasis on protecting the innocent as this was an issue close to her since her husband and family members had been victims. When Marjane tells her that in order to save herself from the police, she lied and got an innocent man in trouble, Grandmother reacts in a way that I didn’t expect. She believed in being true to your own self and certainly did not tolerate any unfaithfulness, even from her beloved Marjane. The character that had the most impact on Marjane would have to be her uncle Anoush. He came into Marjane’s life when she was still very young and definitely made an enormous impression on her. As if his life story wasn’t enough, uncle Anoush’s death left an even bigger impact on Marjane’s life. She wouldn’t tolerate people talking about war and death lightly after his death. Several times in her life when she was feeling confused, the words of her uncle Anoush helped her get through.

Microbes Petri Dish Experiment (Lab Report) Essay Example

Microbes Petri Dish Experiment (Lab Report) Paper Also, pupils from the senior school are going through puberty and tend to sweat a lot more than little kids, especially the boys. Sweat glands also work more rapidly with boys going through puberty, as their hormone levels are beginning to increase. During P. E classes, girls also are more reserved and are not as intense about sports during the day as the boys are. This is more of a social aspect than a scientific one, but is relatively true. On top of that, girls and boys generally have different standards when it comes to hygiene. Judging from personal experience, loud assume that girls tend to care more about their hygiene and aesthetics than boys do. Lastly, the Senior School gym has been there for quite a long time. The elementary school is still relatively new, especially compared to the senior one. Therefore, I also would assume that the senior school gym would have more microbes than the elementary. Variables: Independent variables: The independent variable for this experiment will be the location/area in which we will take samples from (Senior School, Elementary School girls and boys locker rooms). Independent variables generally answer the question What do we change? In this case, we get to alter the areas in which we will be sampling from. Dependent variables: Our dependent variable will be the number of microbes growing in an area. Dependent variables tend to answer the question What will we observe or measure? In this case, we will indeed be observing the microbes growing on the Petri dish after put in an incubator for 72 hours. Controlled variables: Controlled variables are there for us to keep constant. We will write a custom essay sample on Microbes Petri Dish Experiment (Lab Report) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Microbes Petri Dish Experiment (Lab Report) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Microbes Petri Dish Experiment (Lab Report) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The temperature, time, medium, the way the sample is collected and the incubation will be our controlled variables. It is important that they remain the same throughout our whole experiment. Also, we will be having an open controlled as well as a closed Petri dish. We will be testing the agar dishes, to see if they really are as sterile as we think. If the open controlled will have bacteria growing on it after being incubated, that is as expected. However, the closed control should be spotless in order for our other results to be completely accurate. Apparatus: 3 Petri dishes with lids Agar jelly 4 cotton buds Incubator set at 25 degrees Celsius Tape Screw top vials Bunsen burner Soap Ethanol Four different locations Risk assessment: We must make sure to follow certain rules for this investigation. It is important to wash hands before eating and before class/at the beginning of class. Also, once the dish has been incubated, we should not open the lid. The incubator, for this experiment, must be kept below human pathogenic growing levels, which is 37 degrees Celsius. Sterile gloves should also be worn to collect samples for accurate results. Petri dishes should definitely be safely and properly disposed of when the experiment has ended. Method (sterile technique included): Before anything is done, it is important that hands are disinfected. Wash them with warm water and soap. It is important to wash them with warm water, as cold water does not clear away most of the bacteria. Afterwards, put on some sterile gloves to make sure sampling is done accurately. Following, make sure that there are two Petri dishes, one open controlled and closed controlled. One should be kept open the entire time, while the other should be kept closed. This is to test the sterility of the Petri dishes. Afterwards, take four cotton buds and screw top vials. For good results, you should wet the cotton buds with distilled water and then swab the areas you wanted to sample. After that is done, head back to the science lab, making sure that you have Petri dishes with agar jelly, tape, a Bunsen burner and ethanol. (All of this shouldve been done with sterile gloves on). For the best effect, operate the Bunsen burner with the safety flame. This should ensure that the atmosphere is relatively bacteria free. After, clean the table using ethanol (also to sterilize the area) and place the Petri dish (which you will swab with your samples) on top of the table. When that is done, swish the cotton buds lightly inside the Petri dish (one in each separate quarter) where the agar jelly should already be. Make sure you do not dig the cotton bud in, as we do not want the microbes to be growing in the middle of the jelly. We want to be able to observe the microbes from above. Finally, after all four quarters of the Petri dish are finished with swabbing, tape the open controlled, closed controlled and the experiment dish closed. To save place, tape those three altogether and place them in an incubator (25 degrees Celsius). This must stay constant, as e WOUld not like the incubator to reach human pathogenic temperature (37 degrees Celsius). After 72 hours have passed, take the Petri dish out, but do not open it. Observe and record the results. Below is a diagram of how everything was set up. Processed Data Discussion/Evaluation Overall, the experiment went quite smoothly. Of course, there couldve been improvements. The results shouldve definitely been more accurate, especially for the counting of the colonies that we did, and the percentage cover. We had a lot of microbes growing in our Petri dish and it was very difficult to count the exact amount of colonies. These were just estimated approximately. Perhaps we couldve had more people verify our counting skills, for example, get someone else to count the colonies after we did for comparison and accuracy. Also, for these four locker rooms, we swabbed different places/areas each time. Since locker rooms are quite large, this is rather imprecise. We shouldve stuck to swishing only the floors with the cotton buds or the walls instead of taking a variety. Our results showed that the place with the most microbes out of the four areas was the elementary boys locker room. In that quarter of the Petri dish, there ere a total of 78 colonies. Actually, I think there definitely were more. However, it was just too difficult to count, as most of them were clustered together, relatively small and the color was hard to see. Also, compared to the rest of the results, the elementary school boys locker room had a significantly higher percentage coverage and colony number. The next place with the most microbes was the elementary girls. They had a total of 47 colonies and a percentage cover of 43%. The difference between this quarter of the Petri dish and the elementary boys was that this one had larger colonies which were easier to count. They also werent so clustered and were scattered all over their quarter. Perhaps this is to do with how we swished the cotton buds on top of the agar jelly. The last two with the least microbes were the girls and boys senior locker rooms. The boys had about 34 colonies covering 30% of their quarter. This area looked quite similar to the elementary boys quarter. The colonies were both extremely small, very hard to count and clustered altogether. The only difference between them is that the senior boys generally had less in numbers. The senior girls had 19 colonies covering 20%. This was one of the most interesting quarters. The colonies itself were relatively small, however, they were clustered very tightly together to form almost a large group and was most definitely scattered around the quarter. The larger groups were definitely not in each others vicinities. This again, perhaps, has something to do with the way my partner and I worked with the Petri dish. We took turns swabbing the dishes, so perhaps that affected our results in some way. For example, maybe I put more pressure on the agar jelly than my partner did, or vice versa. Conclusion Unfortunately, for this experiment, most of my hypothesis was incorrect. However, now that Ive done the experiment, I can see why. The elementary boys locker room proved to be the one with the most microbes. I can deduce that this is because elementary school children tend to go outside a lot more and run around, getting themselves dirty in the process. One would hardly find any middle and high-school pupils running around and getting dirty. After all, small children even like to run around in the rain and cold, where certain microbes love to thrive in. My partner and I did guess right about the girls locker room having fewer microbes than the boys though. The elementary girls had less than the elementary boys and the senior girls had less than the senior boys. However, am not yet ready to accept these results.